機械配重是將(jiang)金屬熔煉成符合 要求(qiu)的(de)液(ye)體并(bing)澆(jiao)進鑄(zhu)型里，經冷卻凝固、清整處理后 有預定形狀(zhuang)、尺寸(cun)和性能的(de)鑄(zhu)件的(de)工(gong)藝(yi)過(guo)程。

　　目前機(ji)(ji)械(xie)配(pei)重(zhong)是現代機(ji)(ji)械(xie)制(zhi)造工(gong)(gong)業的(de)(de)基礎工(gong)(gong)藝之一(yi)(yi)。機(ji)(ji)械(xie)配(pei)重(zhong)是人類掌握比較(jiao)早的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)種金(jin)屬熱加(jia)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)藝，已有(you)約6000年的(de)(de)歷史。輕(qing)重(zhong)工(gong)(gong)業機(ji)(ji)械(xie)配(pei)重(zhong)可以用于不同(tong)領域的(de)(de)不同(tong)產(chan)品上面做(zuo)配(pei)件(jian)，充分起到(dao)了增加(jia)重(zhong)量和(he)保持平衡的(de)(de)作用。

　　機(ji)械(xie)配(pei)重(zhong)也不于應(ying)(ying)用(yong)在大型(xing)機(ji)械(xie)設備上(shang)同(tong)時也廣泛應(ying)(ying)用(yong)于各個行業里(li)，比如用(yong)在工程機(ji)械(xie)中，例如挖掘機(ji)機(ji)械(xie)配(pei)重(zhong)、叉(cha)車機(ji)械(xie)配(pei)重(zhong)、裝載機(ji)機(ji)械(xie)配(pei)重(zhong)、起重(zhong)機(ji)機(ji)械(xie)配(pei)重(zhong)。重(zhong)工業機(ji)械(xie)配(pei)重(zhong)一般按造型(xing)方法(fa)來分類，習慣上(shang)分為(wei)普通砂型(xing)機(ji)械(xie)配(pei)重(zhong)和特重(zhong)鐵(tie)。

　　普通砂(sha)型(xing)(xing)配種(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)配重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)包括濕砂(sha)型(xing)(xing)、干(gan)砂(sha)型(xing)(xing)、化學硬(ying)化砂(sha)型(xing)(xing)三類(lei)。特種(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)配重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)按造(zao)型(xing)(xing)材(cai)料的(de)不同，又可(ke)分(fen)為(wei)(wei)兩(liang)大類(lei)：一(yi)類(lei)以 礦產砂(sha)石(shi)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)主要造(zao)型(xing)(xing)材(cai)料，如熔模機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)配重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、殼(ke)型(xing)(xing)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)配重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、負壓機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)配重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、泥型(xing)(xing)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)配重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、實型(xing)(xing)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)配重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、陶瓷(ci)型(xing)(xing)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)配重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)等;一(yi)類(lei)以金(jin)屬(shu)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)主要鑄型(xing)(xing)材(cai)料，如金(jin)屬(shu)型(xing)(xing)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)配重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、離心機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)配重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、連續機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)配重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、壓力機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)配重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、低壓機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)配重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)等。重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)工(gong)業機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)配重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)工(gong)藝可(ke)分(fen)為(wei)(wei)三個基本部分(fen)，即機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)配重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)金(jin)屬(shu)準(zhun)備(bei)、鑄型(xing)(xing)準(zhun)備(bei)和鑄件處理。